The image to the left is the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (NIRCam Compass Image) with #DARKLight filtering. Its expanded range of white and black allowed me to further select the darkest part of the overall image. A tiny patch (shown) 91x 132px rectangle from the full  12097x10775px image

Original Website Information from NASA located here

Inside the small patch (shown below) is the farthest, and oldest red giant and/or galaxy formation in the picture I could find so far. It took 24 hours of processing to find it. Here are the series of 91x 132px rectangle images from that patch, developed in various color frequencies via white and black adjustments, one frequency at a time, so that the image could finally be stacked and reverse stacked for clarity to determine the object. (click an image to download a resized viewable JPG version)

The formula for this process is f(t) = (1/2π) ∫ F(ω) e^(iωt) dω (Inverse Fourier Transforming) but using a software application to stack and do the math for us; it is much easier to comprehend the process for most photographers.

The basic idea is very similar to mixing audio and restoring functions that I use in my music studio, but again with software to do the heavy lifting for me. The Fourier Transform is a mathematical tool used in signal processing and image analysis, among other fields. It's a way to transform a signal from its time (or spatial) domain to its frequency domain. Essentially, it breaks down a complex signal into a set of simple sine and cosine waves of different frequencies. This transformation makes it easier to analyze certain aspects of the signal, such as its frequency content.

The formula for the Fourier Transform of a time-domain function f(t) is:

F(ω) = ∫ f(t) e^(-iωt) dt

where ω is the frequency, t is the time, i is the imaginary unit, and the integral is over all time.

References:

Wei, L., Roberts, E. Neural network control of focal position during time-lapse microscopy of cells. Sci Rep 8, 7313 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25458-w

Bracewell, R. N. (2000). The Fourier Transform and its Applications (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

One of the benefits of developing a new filter preset is learning about all the ways you can find a use case for it. #DARKLight doesn't fail in that "Usefulness" category. Below are a series of "Mask Highlights." By using the Mask View in Lightroom and selecting the mask it allows you to see the DARKLight generated masks and the darker view of the image that may otherwise be out of reach visually till you adjust it. Its a quick way of seeing interesting hidden features.